A Brief Overview of Phishing and Spoofing
Tuesday, January 6th, 2009Many people worry about hackers trying to break in and compromise their computer systems. But some people use an easier method to try to gain your personal information, such as your login ID and password: They ask you for it!
Of course, they do this through trickery. Most frequently, you’ll see this in the form of an eMail from a recognized source asking you to click a link to login to your account because of “new security measures” or some such thing.
Often, these are easy to spot because the message will be in poorly written English. Sometimes, they’re even easier to spot because they’ll supposedly be from a bank you don’t actually have an account with. Naturally, the scammers are sending out millions of such eMails, knowing that a good percentage of people will have an account at that bank and may fall for their scheme.
Emails purportedly from PayPal, an online payment service, are also common.
The eMails will typically have links that look legitimate. However, if you look at the source code of the eMail, you’ll see that the actual URL is not the same as the URL that appears. Sometimes, they may use something confusingly similar, such as using a common misspelling or a deceptive variation of the real URL. For example, imagine a bank is called “First Money Bank” and has an URL of firstmoneybank.dom. The phisher may use URLs such as these: firstmoneybank.phishersite.dom, first.moneybank.dom, firstmoneybank-online.dom, phishersite.dom/firstmoneybank.com, and so on.
They may not even be that sophisticated. They may set firstmoneybank.dom as the display URL, but the actual URL may not even be a domain name, but just a direct link to the phisher’s website using an IP address, like http://256.256.256.256/login.php.
Or, here’s another trick. Try to guess where the link will take you before you click it:
http://www.google.com@%64%63%72%62%6c%6f%67%73.%63%6f%6d
(Please note that this link may not work with some browsers and systems.)
Deceptive, isn’t it? If the link worked on your computer, it should have brought you right back to my blog, and not Google.
Of course, you don’t want to follow the link. But, if you did, you would most likely be taken to a site that looks very much like the site it is pretending to be. The phishers will generally duplicate it as closely as possible, perhaps even going so far as to grab the source code and images from the actual site and putting them up on their site.
If you login to the site, you will have given your login and password to the phishers, and they can then log into your account and transfer your money to their own accounts.
Some may even take things a step further and pass your login and password on to your actual account and take you to it. If that happens, you may have no idea that you’ve just been phished. You’ll have gotten where to expected to go, and the phisher will have grabbed your details. As such, you may not think anything unusual has happened and not think to change your password.
How to Spot a Phishing Message or eMail
As mentioned previously, a phishing eMail may appear to come from a legitimate source, such as your bank or maybe even a friend. (Spam messages will commonly use the same trick as well.) The phisher wants you to believe that the message came from someone or some business or organization that you trust. As such, you may let your guard down a little.
Of course, it may be easier to spot those that appear to be coming from a friend, because you may recognize that the message doesn’t quite match the manner in which your friend usually writes you. For example, perhaps they write in ALL CAPS, miXed StYleS, all lower case, and the phishing message isn’t written that way. Perhaps your friend is a good speller and the phisher is not, or vice versa. So, be mindful of messages that appear to be odd. Don’t be afraid to contact your friend directly to see if they sent you the message, instead of clicking any links to check them out.
Sometimes, too, the message may appear to come from a bank or other professional business, but the language is a little clunky. Generally, an oddly worded message is going to be a phishing message or spam. Most businesses, like your bank, will have professionally sounding letters. So, if it sounds odd, it may not be legitimate!
Of course, even if a message is very professional looking and properly composed, that doesn’t mean that it isn’t a phishing message. At any rate, most financial institutions aren’t going to ask you for personal information in an eMail.
Additionally, your professional contacts, such as your bank, will know your name! If a message purportedly from your financial institution doesn’t address you by name, be suspicious! Of course, be aware that, if they do mention you by name, it could still be a phishing attempt, because your name may have been harvested along with your eMail address.
Commonly, these messages will also try to generate a sense of urgency, trying to catch you off guard by putting you into the “I’ve got to take care of this NOW!” mentality, which may cause you to make rash judgments and login to a spoofed website, thus spilling your private account details. They may tell you about “new security measures” that require you to verify your account details, or they may suggest that someone tried to access your account from a foreign IP address and that you need to login to reactivate your account, or some huge amount of money for a product you didn’t order is going to be charged to your credit card if you don’t login and cancel the purchase. These are but a few examples, and you’ll no doubt see dozens more variations.
If you’re not sure if a message is a phishing message or not, and are worried about your account, you can call or contact the purported institution directly using contact information you already have on file, such as your credit card or bank statement, to inquire about it. Do not trust any contact information provided in the eMail!
How to Avoid Getting Phished
First, if there is any kind of form in the eMail, do not fill it out and submit it!
At this point, it’s a good idea to mention that there could be cases where a business or organization you deal with may have a good reason to send you a form you need to fill out and return to them. But, in the vast majority of those cases, you’ll likely have had some previous contact with them and may have been expecting the form. And, if you haven’t, you can always contact them to make sure they really did send it. Just be careful in case a phishing eMail arrives at the same time you’re expecting something legitimate!
If there is a link provided in the eMail, do not click it! If you want to check your account, go to your browser and type in the URL yourself. Don’t trust the link from the eMail!
If the eMail is from a phisher, clicking the link will take you to a spoofed website. It will be a site that is designed to look exactly like the site you were expecting to go to. But, when you go to login or enter other personal details, you’ll be handing over your data to the phisher.
Unfortunately, simply closing the website and not entering any information may not be sufficient to protect you! Some phishers are resorting to additional tactics, which may include spyware or malware. These may be transferred to your computer when you visit the spoofed website. Then, the next time you log onto your bank’s website or any other website the phisher was after, the spyware may record your keystrokes and send them to the phisher. Or, the malware may redirect you to a spoofed website rather than the real thing, and steal your information when you login to that fake website.
The risk of spyware, malware, trojans or viruses getting on your computer when you visit an unknown website is a good reason why you shouldn’t click on links in your eMail. Bottom line is, if you’re not certain a link is “clean,” don’t visit the site until you have authenticated the sender!
Other Tricks
Mind you, supposed urgent messages from your financial institution aren’t the only method phishers may employ to try to get your private information. Other tactics may be to try to appeal to your ego or maybe even your baser desires.
For example, you may receive a message informing you that someone has written something bad about you or your business on such-and-such website, and that you need to see it! If you go to the site, you may be asked to join (for a fee) their website before you can view the message (which may not even exist once you sign in, or may be some message written by the scammer themselves).
Or, you may get a message from a “hot” or “horny” girl in your area that wants to “hook up.” And, if you go to their website, you’ll be asked to join (for a fee) their website before you can contact the girl (who likely doesn’t exist).
Or, messages may promise free gadgets, celebrity nude photos, money, grants, discrete single women in your area, free checking accounts, naked webcam girls, credit reports, reunions, and so on. Mind you, some of these are just spam trying to get you to buy stuff and some may be scams. But, others may be attempts to get you to visit a site so that the site can place malware on your computer. Then, as mentioned above, when you login to certain websites or enter personal data somewhere, the malware may send all that information to the phisher.
In this case, it’s also important to note that, in some of these cases, you may reach a site that delivers what was promised, such as nude photos or whatever you were after. Because it may deliver on its promise, you may become less skeptical of it, and thus be completely unaware that the site may have secretly installed a piece of malware on your computer! Also, be aware of such sites that may ask you to download special viewing software to see the videos or photos or other content you were promised. These trojans may have malicious code that will spy on you as mentioned above.
In a sense, to paraphrase Forrest Gump, links are like a box of chocolates; you never know what you’re going to get!
Staying Safe
The best thing is to avoid visiting unknown sites. Of course, that’s not always easy to do. It’s pretty much counter to everything the Internet is intended to be! On top of avoiding “bad” sites, you also need to be aware that legitimate sites you visit could be hacked, and that phishers and other scoundrels may be using those sites to install harmful malware on your computer!
The only way to stay completely safe is to disconnect your computer from the Internet and never transfer any files to it from any outside source. Of course, the very reason many people use computers is to do those things, so for the majority of people, that kind of 100% security is going to be an unreachable goal.
Your best protection is to make sure you keep your system and browser up to date with all the latest security patches and upgrades. Also, having a firewall will be good additional protection. And, having a good anti-virus and spyware/adware/malware protection software will be a good idea as well.



